Saturday, 23 August 2014

BASIC ACCOUNTING , RATIO ANALYSIS FORMULAS & INTERVIEW SHORT QUESTIONS (201-210)



201 Outstanding Income : Outstanding Income means income which has become due during the accounting year but which has not so far been received by the firm.

202 Outstanding Expenses : Outstanding Expenses refer to those expenses which have become due during the accounting period for which the Final Accounts have been prepared but have not yet been paid.

203 Closing stock : The term closing stock means goods lying unsold with the businessman at the end of the accounting year.

204 Methods of Depreciation :
          1.Unirorm charge methods :                
                 a. Fixed installment method
                b .Depletion method
                c. Machine hour rate method.
        2. Declining charge methods :
               a. Diminishing balance method
                b.Sum of years digits method
                c. Double declining method
       3. Other methods :
               a. Group depreciation method
              b. Inventory system of depreciation
              c. Annuity method
              d. Depreciation fund method
              e. Insurance policy method.
205 Accrued Income : Accrued Income means income which has been earned by the business during the accounting year but which has not yet become due  and, therefore, has not been received.

206 Gross profit ratio : it indicates the efficiency of the production/trading operations.

           Formula : Gross profit   X100
                                    Net sales       

207 Net profit ratio :  it indicates net margin on sales

                                            Formula : Net profit     X 100
                                                                     Net sales

208. Return on Share Holders Funds : it indicates measures earning power of equity capital.
                     Formula : profits available for Equity shareholders   X 100
                                               Average Equity Shareholders Funds

209 Earning per Equity share (EPS)   : it shows the amount of earnings attributable to each equity share.

                         Formula : profits available for Equity shareholders  
                                                            Number of Equity shares

210 Dividend Yield Ratio : it shows the rate of return to shareholders in the form of dividends based in the market price of the share

                        Formula :    Dividend per share           X 100

                                                 Market price per share

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